What types of values can TCAM memory store?

TCAM (Ternary Content-Addressable Memory) is a specialized type of memory used primarily in networking devices for high-speed searches, such as in routers and switches for packet forwarding decisions. The key characteristic of TCAM is its ability to store not just binary values, but also additional statuses such as "Don't Care."

This third state allows for more flexible matching criteria in network filters, access control lists, and routing tables. Specifically, TCAM can utilize three states:

1. True – indicating a match.

2. False – indicating no match.

3. Don't Care – which allows the matching process to ignore a particular bit in the search operation.

This capability is essential for constructing complex matching conditions where wildcarding may be necessary, such as in policy-based routing or security features that require advanced filtering.

While other memory types may focus on binary values or specific numerical ranges, TCAM's unique ability to handle a "Don't Care" condition sets it apart, granting it broader application in scenarios where flexibility in matching criteria is critical.